Wiki+Collab+3+February+14-27

toc Each of you need to post an answer(s) to the following questions. If all of the questions are taken, you need to add information to someone else's post. Add any pertinent links or additional resources as appropriate. Remember to also cite your sources!

After you have posted your answer, place a line underneath your answer. You can do this by clicking on the icon to the right of the "bullet" icon. Place your cursor where you want the line, then click the icon.

Collaboratively discuss and define the following:

Many athletes and individuals rely on performance enhancing aids/ergogenic aids or supplements to give them an edge, especially with developing muscular strength and endurance and weight loss. While some of these aids have had research conducted on them, others have not. The potential side effects of several aids are the market are not yet known.

For your discussion/collaboration this week, you are to search out an ergogenic aid that is currently on the market. It may be found online, at nutrition/vitamin stores, plain-old grocery stores, wherever. Look up whatever you can find about that aid. Below, specifically adress the following questions:

List the name of the aid, Purposed "benefits" Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? Known side effects Potential side effects Cost Where you can purchase this aid.

It is very important for this discussion that you properly cite all of your information sources. Please use APA formatting. You should also include the link to any online information you found. Each of you should look and find a different aid. There are a "gazillion" different aids out there, so you should not have any problem finding something. Make sure and write your name next to your entry!

Additionally, for this page, we will create a table of contents. When you enter your supplement/aid on this page, highlight it (the NAME of the supplement only, not your complete text) and on the toolbar above, change the font from "normal" to "Heading 1". This will automatically create a table of contents for you after you have saved the information.

=NO Shotgun= NO Shotgun is University studied to increase total muscle DNA by over 140%. It has also been shown to increase strength significantly on many different exercises.I have personally used this supplement in the past, and have really liked the way it works. It is to be taken about 20 minutes before a weightlifting workout, and it really gives you a ton of energy and really helps increase strength. I remember being in the gym after taking this and feeling like I could work out for hours. The product contains creatine, protein, caffein, various vitamins, etc. The energy you get during your workout is great, but you also get the much neede protein with this before you work out. It also contains Glutamine and various BCAA's to help with recovery and overall muscle growth. In addition to that, it contains the ingrediants that are in the Redline energy drink, which is a good fat burner. It is advised not to take this product with any other drink containing caffein, as it is already high in caffein. One very interesting point that I read about in regard to the proven confidence that the manufacturing company has in it is that they have put a $100,000 offer on the table to any othe company that can conclusively prove that their product is better at producing lean muscle, generating greater ATP production for more explosive workouts, and initiating NO induced, blood engorged pumps. Overall, I had a very good experience and had great results using this product, and would recommend it to any individual who is looking for more energetic and productive workouts. http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/vpx/no.html.

Sean O'Flaherty

=Hydroxycut= Purpose- weight loss, fat loss, increased energy, stronger workouts, increased stamina, increased metabolism, decreased appetite There have been many test done on hydroxycut every since it has been on the marketed with ephedra, which was later removed from the product. According to Blogcritics.com the hydroxycut website offers on two paragraphs of proof supporting their product. The makers of Hydroxycut did their own test on a meager 90 people who wanted to lose weight. The test was not controlled and the results were inconclusive. The FDA in May of 2009 warned consumers to stop taking hydroxycut products as they had received over 23 complaints of liver damage do to hydroxycut products. known side effects-jittery, increased heart rate, sweating, headaches,restlessness potential side effects-loss of appetite, heart attack, death, liver damage cost-19$-27$ Where can be purchased- online at hydroxycut website, local drug store, gas station, walmart, target, kmart, most major stores.

1. Hydroxycut side effects and benefits. (2009, january 01). //Bodybuildingforyou.com//, Retrieved from http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/hydroxycut/hydroxycut-sideeffects-benefits.htm

2. Fda warns consumers to stop using hydroxycut products. (2009, May 1). //FDA//, Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm149575.htm

3. Marinello, S. (2006, January 06). The Healthy skeptic: hydroxycut - weight loss supplement or myth?. //The healthy Skeptic//, Retrieved from http://blogcritics.org/scitech/article/the-healthy-skeptic-hydroxycut-weight-loss/page-3/

~Nadine Ayers~

=MethylBURN Extreme =

__Benefits:__ -Increased endurance and strength -Increased metabolism -Burns fat for energy -Increased calorie burning -Appetite suppressant -Maximized thermogenesis (1) __Research:__ The ingredients were clinically tested to increase thermogenesis, fat metabolism, and calorie burning, as well as, enhance muscle performance and strength. (2) __Known Effects:__ Research showed that it was effective to burn calories 12 times more and increase strength performance three times. It releases potent methylated fat-burning compounds, absorbs fast, and allows for sustained delivery. (1) __Potential Side Effects:__ It contains caffeine which may adversely affect people or increase their blood pressure. (3) __Cost and Location:__ Bottles of 60 pills are sold for: (Generally, one bottle sells for $50.00 (3).) $29.99 at www.samedaysupplements.com $39.89 at [|www.bodybuilding.com] __Note:__ No money back guarantee. Lacks testimonies. More expensive than other weight loss pills.(3) 1.) [] 2.) [] 3.) [] **//Marissa (Witzig) Hill//**

=Androstenedione= Benefits: When taken orally Androstenedione will increase blood levels of testosterone. Testosterone is effective in eliciting greater gains in the gym through increasing energy, enhancing nitrogen retention and speeding up recovery time. Known side effects: There are no known negative side effects to Androstenedione, however, all atheletes should consider the effect rapid testosterone increases have on their personality. Potential side effects: Nausea and vomiting, acne, headaches, a noticeably increased appetite, mood changes, possible liver damage, and swelling of the ankles. Cost: around $35 Where you can purchase this: HealthSuperstore.com, GNC

http://www.askmen.com/sports/health_60/91c_mens_health.html http://www.betterbodz.com/androstenedione.html http://www.healthsuperstore.com/p-ids-testofen-x-120-caps.htm Stephanie Harrington

Androstenedione is a direct precursor to the hormone testosterone. It was the first prohormone to really break into the sports nutrition industry. Although andro was discovered in 1935, it wasn't until scientists learned that it became testosterone in the body in the 1950s that it was seriously considered. Androstenedione is naturally produced in men and women, and is found in Scotch pine trees. What? Scotch pine trees? Yes, and this simple fact classifies it as a dietary supplement. Bodybuilding.coms product is high quality pharmaceutical grade, purified Androstenedione. [|http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/andro.htmlKevin Savage]

= = =Ephedrine (Ephedra) = When taken as directed it can burn fat, improve speed, strength and suppress appetite. Hot weather improves absorption. The proposed benefits are: Improves energy, burns fat, decreases conversion of carbohydrates to fat and reduces appetite. Ephedra is the most dangerous dietary supplement. The proposed benefits of Ephedra are increased energy expenditure, increased protein synthesis, exercise performance and decreases HDL “bad cholesterol”. In 1997, the [|FDA] proposed a regulation on ephedra which limited an ephedra dose to 8 mg (of active ephedrine) with no more than 24 mg per day. This proposed rule was withdrawn in part in 2000 because of "concerns regarding the agency's basis for proposing a certain dietary ingredient level and a duration of use limit for these products." Ephedrine is, however, still legal in many applications outside of dietary supplements. However, purchasing is currently limited and monitored, with specifics varying from state to state. Over 800 injuries have been reported by users and doctors to the FDA and various state medical bodies, including more than 50 deaths. Most of these cases involve the heart attacks or high blood pressure leading to bleeding in the brain or stroke. Dietary supplements are routinely marketed without undergoing a safety review by FDA the Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act or "DSHEA," prevents the FDA from regulating these products. The FDA has received more than 800 reports of adverse effects associated with use of products containing ephedrine alkaloid since 1994. The known side effects are: headache, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, insomnia, hot flashes, nausea, and can cause heart attacks and strokes. This is the only erogogenic aid that has resulted in accidental death. Ephedra is believed to increase the risk of heat stroke, because it increases metabolism and impairs the body's ability to lose heat. The cost can be anywhere form $5-50 for the capsules. You can purchase ephedrine products at Walmart, Target, The Vitamin Shoppe, and at most online health stores.  http://www.andersenchiro.com/Ergogenic%20Aids.htm http://www.medicinenet.com/ephedrine-oral/article.htm http://www.ephedrine-ephedra.com/pages/what_is_ephedrine_1234.html Allison Ptak

Ergogenic Aids = = =Creatine Monohydrate=

One of the most popular performance enhancing/ergogenic aids that is used today by many athletes is Creatine Monohydrate. It is a natural substance that is found in muscle cells such as near the skeletal muscle which contains most of the body's supply. Our bodies naturally receive creatine from the food we eat such as meat and fish and other foods high in protein. It is also a dietary supplement that athletes and bodybuilders take to increase strength, have bigger muscles, have higher intensity workout performance, have an increase in body mass, and experience a quicker recovery from workouts. Adding more creatine to the body provides more energy for muscle movements that may be quick or explosive, and also reduces the amount of time necessary to recover. Benefits from the supplement include: more energy during workouts, enhanced strength, reduced lactic acid, and a quick weight gain for the new users. The reason creatine benefits an athlete's workout is because ATP regeneration occurs and allows for a reduction in lactic acid. This allows athletes to workout longer and harder, helping them gain more muscle, size and strength. It also helps an athlete feel less tired. Research has been done on creatine and experimenters have said that creatine does benefit athletes in increasing their muscle mass, increasing their overall energy especially during workouts, and reducing the amount of recovery time after a workout. Side effects have not been found by studies completed thusfar, but there have not been enough long term stuides done. There has not been enough research done about the effects on the heart and there have not been many long term studies completed at this point to know if there are any detrimental side effects from the use of creatine supplements. There are no known adverse side effects when taking recommended dosage of the supplement other the fact that the supplement can increase body mass. It has been found in studies that if athletes take more than the recommended dosage they experienced diarrhea. Once the creatine dosage was reduced, this side effect went away. The Potential side effects include the possibility of kidney stones, gas and bloating, and there are also concerns about the unknown effects that the supplementation can have on the heart. Side effects could be experienced if athletes take more than the recommended dose. An average size body of creatine powder (1000g) costs around $20-30, depending upon the kind that an athlete buys. An athlete can buy creatine in powder or liquid form. Creatine monohydrate can be purchased over the internet form body building websites, GNC, vitamin stores, Target, and Meijer.

http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/creatine/creatine-benefits.htm Kaila Guske

=**Glutamine**= Glutamine is supposed to prevent muscle breakdown and improve immune system funcioning. In studies, it has been shown to decrease the incidence of illness and infection in athletes. It also helps maintain muscle mass by preventing protein breakdown. Beceause glutamine is naturally occurring in the body, there have been no side effects found. However, too much of it can lead to upset stomachs. A 600g powdered form of glutamine runs around $42 and can be found at GNC, Walmart, Target, or the Vitamin Shoppe. http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/sportsnutrition/a/Glutamine.htm http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/supplements-reviews/glutamine-side-effects-benefits.htm Mallory Zimet

Here is some more info on Glutamine:

Glutamine is one of the most abundant amino acids in muscle cells. It gets released during times of stress (during a workout). Glutamine has several benefits:
 * regulates protein synthesis
 * accelerates glycogen synthesis after a stress period
 * it provides faster recovery rate from weight lifting
 * improves mental function
 * control blood sugar

There have been no found side effects of Glutamine because it is naturally occurring in the human body. Diarrhea is the only found side effect of taking to much Glutamine. Some people have higher tolerance for more Glutamine in their system.

Glutamine can be found by any of the following brands:
 * Prolab, EAS, Champion Nutrution, Met-Rx and Labrada

Glutamine can be found at any large retailer or nutrition store. Some examples are Target, Walgreens, Wal-Mart, GNC and others. It can be purchased for $12 to $45 depending on the quantity.

http://bodybuilding.about.com/od/supplementationbasics/a/glutaminebasics.htm http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-glutamine.htm

Aaron Zucker

=HMB= HMB is short for beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate. It is a new and exciting supplement that is one of the most popular body building supplements today. HMB is a metabolite of leucine, one of the body's essential amino acids. You can find small amounts of HMB in many foods, primarily catfish, grapefruit, and alfalfa. Many of the world's champions and athletes are using HMB and receiving dramatic results. Specifically, HMB plays a role in the synthesis of muscle tissue. It has the ability to burn fat and build muscle consistently in response to exercise. Backed heavily by science, HMB works for NFL greats like Shannon Sharpe and Olympic medallists throughout the globe. New scientific studies are being conducted on this supplement all the time. Recently, a study showed in a control group supplementing with HMB, that after taking 3 grams of HMB per day for three weeks, those who took HMB versus the random placebo takers gained three times more muscle on their bench press! Animal studies also suggest that it may increase lean muscle mass. A study conducted on humans showed that those who supplemented with HMB experienced enhanced strength, greater endurance, and increased fat loss. It's ability to boost endurance alone is an incredible result. Basically anyone who is ready to experience some awesome muscle-building effects can benefit from HMB. HMB has a multitude of benefits. HMB helps prevent break down of the muscles as well as incerase muscle gain. Other benefits include, increase lean mass gain, prevents muscle catabolism, speeds up muscle repair, decreases body fat, and decreases blood cholesterol levels. Costs for HMB varies widely. Depending on the size bottle you purcahse it could cost anywhere from $15 to $65. You can purchase this product online at body building websites, at vitamin stores, GNC, and other varios places. [] [] Whitney Dobbins

Addition to HMB

I found an article that discusses HMB titled "HMB Reduces Muscle Damage Associated With Exercise, Which Shortens Recovery Time." I found this very interesting not only because HMB is as Whitney stated, a natural coumpound which is in foods such as fish, beef and soybeans but also because it is supposed to help reduce a "workout hangover." This just means that HMB helps lessen the sorness after a strenous workout for the next day. HMB is able to minimize muscle damage during an intense exercise or workouts. HMB has been studied on men, women, young, old, and athletes all of which have increased their lean muscle mass. This is one main reason why this supplement has become so popular; it works on all ages. The article stated that HMB is a nutritional supplement that has yet reached its full potential.

[]

Stacey Miller

= = =Ribose=

According to sportsmedicine.about.com, Ribose is part of the building blocks that form DNA and RNA molecules. More importantly, it focuses on regenerating ATP, the energy of the body. Because of that, it is used for performance enhancement in athletes (About.com). Additionally, according to WebMD.com, Ribose is used to improve athletic performance and the ability to exercise by boosting muscle energy. It has also been used to improve symptoms of fatigue. Ribose has been used to prevent symptoms such as cramping, pain, and stiffness after exercise in people with an inherited disorder called myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MAD) or AMP deaminase deficiency (AMPD deficiency). Many body builders however, use the drug for the same reason even though they may not have any deficiency at all (WebMD).

About.com states that "the only research that supports a ribose supplement comes from research on patients with heart conditions who lack the ability to synthesis ribose in the first place" (About.com). The website goes on to state that there is still a decent amount of research to be done on ribose before any claims of athletic performance benefits can be made.

WebMD.com lists the side effects as the following: Ribose can cause some side effects including diarrhea, stomach discomfort, nausea, headache, and low blood sugar.

The website also lists some special precautions and side effects listed below:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding-not enough is known about the use of ribose during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Diabetes: Ribose might lower blood sugar.

Low blood sugar: Ribose might lower blood sugar. If you already have blood sugar that is too low, don’t take ribose. Since ribose might lower blood sugar, it might also interfere with blood sugar during surgeries (WebMD.com).

Ribose can be purchase online at a number of places as well as at GNC. It comes in pill and powder form. At GNC, these prices range from $25.99 to $39.99 (GNC.com).

[] [] []

Laura Seifried

=**Amphetamines**= Amphetamines (Quinn, Elizabeth 2004), sometimes called "speed" or "uppers," are central nervous system stimulant drugs that increase alertness, self-confidence and concentration, and decrease appetite while creating a feeling of increased energy. The chemical structure is similar to the naturally occurring adrenaline and noradrenaline that is produced by the body. The effects of amphetamines are similar to cocaine, but last longer. According about.com, Amphetamines, such as Benzedrine, Adderall, and Dexedrine, are sometimes prescribed for ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).

Some of the benefits include, 10-30 mg methamphetamine may improve reaction time, and cognitive function, increase the feelings of alertness, decrease a sense of fatigue and increase euphoria.

The research has shown that, at higher does, subjects to experience agitation, an inability to focus attention on divided attention tasks, inattention, restlessness, motor excitation, increased reaction time, and time distortion, depressed reflexes, poor balance and coordination, and an inability to follow directions.

Some of the side affects include, Despite the stigma associate with the drug, athletes take to rid them from the discomfort of pain and therefore some become dependent on it and have a difficult time withdrawing from it. The cost is usually determined by weight. The article doesn't mention where it can be purchased.
 * headaches
 * increased blood pressure
 * increased heart rate
 * insomnia
 * weight loss
 * hallucinations
 * convulsions
 * heart rhythm abnormalities
 * heart attack

sportsmedicine.about.com/.../**performanceenhancing**drugs/Ergogenic_**Aids**_ **Performance**_**Enhancing**_Drugs_Supplements.htm Cheryl Young


 * Anabolic Steriod**

Anabolic steroids are drugs derived from the male hormone testosterone. They promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass. Under federal law it is illegal to possess or distribute anabolic steroids for non-medical users. Testosterone or testosterone- like synthetic drugs produce anabolic and androgenic activity by increasing protein growth and rapidly increasing muscle mass and therefore strength. -Increases strength and muscle mass to a greater extent thatn creatine and androstenedione. -Illegal in the U.S. -Heart palpitations and heart disease -Osteoporosis -Agression and mood swings -Menstrual changes -Impotence -Sterility -Acne, hair loss -Male characteristics in Women and vis versa -Water retention
 * //Effects://**
 * //Risks://**

The American College of Sports Medicine acknowledges that AAS, in the presence of adequate diet, can contribute to increases in body weight, often as lean mass increases, and that the gains in muscular strength achieved through high-intensity exercise and proper diet can be additionally increased by the use of AAS in some individuals.

Where you can Buy: mostly on online websites Cost:I couldn't find a specific price. But since these drugs are illegal in the U.S. they probably run a high price.

[]

Whitney Farrell

Anabolic Steroids

They are a class of drugs that are legally available only by prescription and are prescribed to treat a variety of conditions that cause a loss of lean muscle mass. Anabolic steroids are testosterone derivatives that help the body metabolize ingested proteins and facilitate the synthesis of skeletal muscle. They also delay fatigue and may create a feeling of euphoria. Diets high in protein and calories may also be important in maximizing the effectiveness of anabolic steroids. Effects include (men): Effects include (women): Other effects: http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/performanceenhancingdrugs/a/AnabolicSteroid.htm?once=true&
 * infertility
 * breast development
 * shrinking of the testicles
 * male-pattern baldness
 * severe acne and cysts
 * Deeper voice
 * enlargement of the clitoris
 * excessive growth of body hair
 * male-pattern baldness
 * severe acne and cysts
 * delayed growth in adolescents
 * tendon rupture
 * increased LDL cholesterol
 * decreased HDL cholesterol
 * high blood pressure
 * heart attacks
 * enlargement of the heart's left ventricle
 * cancer
 * jaundice
 * fluid retention
 * HIV/AIDS
 * hepatitis
 * "roid rage" - rage and aggression
 * mania
 * delusions

Cost: most can be bought online but I was unable to find the prices of these steroids or even an average price of anabolic steroid.

There are also some psychological effects as well and those include sensations of well being, euphoria, increased aggressiveness and tolerance to stress, allowing the athlete to train harder. http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/anabster/anabster.html

- Jess Roche

=**NO-XPLODE**=

No-xplode is a pre-workout supplement that many body builders and athletes use. It is used to give the athlete an increased energy. It is also used to help the muscles heal quicker after working out. The supplement contains a small amount of Creatine in it, therefore adding a little bit of size as well. Many people say it helps the athlete keep focus during their workout and maximize their energy.

There hasn't really been any scientific research done on whether this product works or not. There have been many mixed reviews about how effective this product is though. Based on this, I feel that it can almost depend on the person using the supplement. There has also not been any scientific evidence on what actual side affects can be seen when using this product. I know many people that have used this product and some love it, some hate. I haven't heard of any major side affects though.

Some potential side affects can be too much energy, and continuing to be hyper. This stuff is supposed to last for a few hours so it can cause an excess of energy. Due to this, some people have trouble sleeping at night becuase of this product. There is also some caffeine in this product, which causes an increased metabolism. Therefore, people are having to go to the bathroom more often. There have also been signs of people having headaches after taking this as well becuase of the caffeine and excess energy. Some people have also reported that this product can cause acne on some users.

The price can be $32.99 for a 50 serving container online plus a shipping cost. GNC also sells this product but it is more expensive than online.

[] []

Andrew Ondik


 * Here is just a little more information about NO-XPLODE and some other ingrdients that are included in it.

In addition to the NO-XPLODE comment, this is the #1 selling pre-training energy and performance igniter. By taking this product, individuals are able to experience elevated physical and mental energy, an increase in reps, increase in strength and stamina as well as an increase in mental focus.

NO-XPLODE doesn't actually contain Nitric Oxcide though. It does however contain the components of Nitric Oxide and stimulate the body to synthesize this gas. The gas then moves through your bloodstream until it dissolves. As it dissolves, it causes the blood vessels in the body to relax and expand. After the expansin occurs, more blood flow is allowed. Not only does NO-XPLODE increase blood flow though, it also has the ability to repair muscles after a workout is complete. By increasing the amount of blood flow to your body, you are also increasing the amount of nutrients that are flowing to your body as well which allow a greater chance for those nutrients to flow into muscle tissue. NO-XPLODE also contains an ingrediant called L-Arginine which is an amino acid that is responsible for the growth hormone. NO-XPLODE is also loaded with B-vitamins which increase carbohydrate metabolism and provide energy.

Jimmy Ridenour ||  ||

=**M.A.S.S. Project Mega Shreds**= Sold at Complete Nutrition for $49.99.

Product Description on CompleteNutrition.com (1) The M.A.S.S Project is proud to bring you MegaShred, an anti-catabolic supplement designed to reduce body fat while protecting the well-defined muscle mass you've worked so hard to gain. The MimiCarb Anti-catabolic Complex is designed to mimic the function of carbohydrates by providing your body with a direct energy source which is more easily digested than other fat molecules. The anti-catabolic effect results in reduced body fat, with no loss of muscle mass.* The Liqui-Lean Muscle Cutting Blend is formulated to reduce the amount of fat being transferred from the bloodstream into fat cells. This radical blend is designed to stimulate the breakdown of stored body fat (lipolysis).* • Support for lean muscle maintenance • Support for muscle definition
 * These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

[|**Supplement Facts (from the bottle)**] **(1)**

MCT -** Consuming medium-chain triglycerides on an empty stomach can lead to [|gastrointestinal upset]. Anyone with [|cirrhosis] or other liver problems should check with a doctor before using medium-chain triglycerides. Two reports suggest that medium chain triglycerides may raise serum [|cholesterol] and/or [|triglycerides]. Medium-chain triglycerides are actually the preferred fatty acid source for cirrhotic patients, but only when used intermittently. **(2) CLA -** "...a recent study in mice found that the hormone leptin adds an element of protection against side effects that can accompany fat loss with CLA. Without leptin, fat loss occurs in mice eating a diet containing CLA, but the mice also become insulin resistant. When mice are fed CLA and given leptin, the same fat loss occurs but insulin resistance does not develop." **(3) Oleic Acid -** Oleic and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in the membranes of red blood cells have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. **(4) Lauric Acid -** Lauric acid (and other medium chain fatty acids), unlike all drugs, have no harmful side effects. **(5)**
 * Known Side Effects of Main Individual Ingredients

An obvious potential side effect of triglycerides and the fatty acids in the supplement would be an increase in those levels in the body, which would be present in the results of a cholesterol screening.
 * Potential Side Effects**

I purchased this supplement to accompany my weight loss because my friend Frank, who works at Complete Nutrition, suggested it for helping cut away fat laced in my muscles because I've done a lot of power lifting, so it is present from my body trying to cushion those muscles. He also advised I take it to help cut extra fat around my mid-section. I have seen results in both areas, but that could also be just from my workout change and weight loss. The energy boost the supplement provides is definitely noticed when I take it before a workout, compared to when I don't take it before a workout.
 * Personal Experience with the Product**


 * 1. []**
 * 2. []**
 * 3. []**
 * 4. []**
 * 5. []**

Josh Rogers

=**Primobolan**=

Purposed "benefits": - Builds strength without muscle bulk - Helps maintain a leaner look and improves efficiency of muscle contractions - Can aid in reducing breast tumors - Used a lot by baseball player (Alex Rodriguez and Barry Bonds), but is a banned substance Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? - Some past research has been done on animals and Primobolan has been shown to increase weight gain - Some research also says that weight gain only increases with very high doses - Studies show that absorption in the stomach is not very good. Less than 30% is absorbed and the rest is broken down in the liver Known side effects - No estrogenic side effects - Effects on cholesterol levels are minimal - Acne, in higher doses - Usually mild side effects overall; considered to be one of the "safer" anabolic steroid drugs Potential side effects - Possible permanent supression of the HPTA Cost: - Very costly - About $500 for a 12 week supply Where you can purchase this aid - Primobolan can be purchased from this link http://www.steroid.com/Buy-Primobolan.php or http://www.buyonlinesteroids.com/buy-primobolan/

http://www.steroidsrx.com/Articles/Primobolan.cfm http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/performanceenhancingdrugs/a/Primobolan.htm http://www.steroid.com/Primobolan.php http://www.isteroids.com/steroids/Primobolan-Methenolone.html Christina Ryan

=Clenbuterol= Benefits: Increases metabolic speed. The aid directly stimulates fat cells to accelerate their breakdown. It also allows more oxygen to get into the cells, increasing strength and endurance in the muscles. (1) Research: Clenbuterol has been well researched. Studies have shown that Clenbuterol can reduce exercise performance but also that the drug can alleviate exercise **induced** asthma. (4) Side Effects: Shakes, insomnia, sweating, increased blood pressure, and nausea. (1) Potential Side Effects: the aid can cause an increase in weight overtime due to the drugs effect wearing off and the body becoming immune to it. (2) Cost: $67.99 Where to purchase: Roid-Shop (3) 1. [] 2. [] 3. [] 4. [] Dustin Huber

​A little more on Clenbuterol. Clenbuterol stimulates an athletes beta-2 receptors which helps the body burn stored fat. Research: The FDA does not allow the use of Clenbuterol on livestock but can be tested on other animals. Effects: Raised body temperature, weight loss, loss of appetite, enlargement of the ventricles, Future effects: Some people experience excellent results in the first two weeks but find that the drug stops working. One source says that taking anti-histimines such as Benadryl will help counteract this effect. []

You can buy Clenbuterol at [] for $67.99 or at [|www.mygoodpharmacy.com] for $86.99.

Stacie Amling

= **Diuretics** =

Benefits: Diuretics are a type of drug that change the body's natural balance of fluids and electrolytes, which causes a loss of fluids. Many athletes use these to lose water weight in order to drop pounds quickly to make weight or perform in a lighter weight-class. Diuretics can also help some athletes pass drug tests by diluting their urine. (1) Side Effects: Some of the common side effects of taking diuretics in doses higher then the recommended are dehydration, muscle cramps, exhaustion, dizziness, potassium deficiency, heart arrythmias, drop in blood pressure, and death. (1) Scientific Research: Numerous studies have been done on the effects of using diuretics because it is sometimes used to treat certain conditions. Diuretics can be used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney and liver problems, and glaucoma.(2) Cost: Diuretics cost about 6 to 10 cents a day. (3) Where to Purchase: You can find Diuretics at any local drug store, including Walgreens, CVS and Wal-Mart. 1.[] 2. [] 3. [] Emily Boresi

= C affeine=

Benefits: Caffeine is naturally occurring and is used worldwide in a variety of different ways. Many people use caffeine to jump start their mornings, but athletes also use caffeine to enhance their performance. Caffeine also provides improvement during short- term intense aerobic exercise (4 to 6 min). A moderate amount of caffeine will not raise caffeine levels in the urine, for that reason WADA removed caffeine from their list of prohibited substances in January of 2004. Taking in a proper dose of caffeine 1 hour prior to exercise will benefit the athlete.

Side effects: utilization of fat and sparing muscle glycogen, and has a diuretic effect, which means it increases the risk of dehydration. Caffeine also has an effect on skeletal muscle, including calcium handling, elevation of cyclic AMP, and sodium- potassium pump activity. Other side effects are dizziness, headache, insomnia, gastrointestinal distress. Cost: Caffeine comes in many different forms, therefore cost can vary for what you are trying to buy and use the caffeine for. A cup of coffee can cost 99 cents and that can be your source of caffeine. And you can generally find caffeine anywhere. Mostly at your local grocery stores, drug store, or local restaurants. Research: There has been a lot of research recently on the effects of caffeine and whether or not it enhances an athlete's performance. Later studies in the 1990s found that caffeine doses of (3 to 13 milligrams per kilogram) improved endurance performance by 20 to 50% in elite training and/or recreational athletes. Athletes who train in cycling or running improve by 80 to 90% of VO2max. Research has also found that taking caffeine alone can delay the onset of fatigue and increase exercise capacity.

http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/td_030909p8.shtml Kaitlyn Erickson

Caffeine is defined as a drug that stimulates your central nervous system and causing an increase of alertative. Alot of the caffeine people drink give you a temporary energy boost for the day and brings you in a better and happy mood. It is instructed to stay away from caffeine if you are going to be in hot weather, working out, or even playing a sport.

Side effects: Makes you urinate more, has a diuretic effect, aggrivate heart problems, cause body to lose calcium which could over time lead to bone loss, could develop osteoporosis, it could interact with medication or supplements, if stressed or anxious caffeine could make you feel worse in those situations, caffeine gives people migraines.

Costs: Caffeine varies in many different ways. It all depends on what you want or even what you are purchasing. A gas station could have energy shots for about $2.99 to $4.00. Another thing that alot of people get is coffee which if you get a small size, it would cost you around $1.75 to $2.50. Some other things alot of teenagers purchase is Energy drinks, such as: Monsters, Redbulls, SoBe, and many others would cost you around $3.00 to $4.25.

Research: In this particular study, experts say that 200-300 mg of a caffeine a day for adults would be at a moderate level. They also have to include that if you do as little as 100 mg of caffeine a day, you will become addicted to it very easily. You would have to have your whole day centered around caffeine to make you work properly and that is very unhealthy for you to do! Teenagers should limit themselves to as little as 100 mg per day, and children should been even less that 100 mg per day.

[]# Chrissy Burton

**B-Vitamins** Benefits: We have all been told that vitamins are important for our body, but there may be a link between B-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, B-12 and folate) and performance in high-level athletes. The B-vitamins are called 'micronutrients' and are used to convert proteins and carbohydrates into energy. They are also used for cell repair and production. Studies: There was a recent study conducted at Oregon State University, which found that athletes lacking in B-vitamins have reduced high-intensity exercise performance and are less able to repair damaged muscles than those with a diet rich in B-vitamins. Side Effects: There are not many known negative side effects, only better performance and quicker recovery time. Cost and Purchase Place: You get B-vitamins from whole grains, dark green vegetables, nuts, and many animal/dairy products. They can also be found in sports drinks such as Gatorade. As a result, the cost is whatever price these items have at the grocery store in which you choose to purchase them. ([])

-- Maggie Krick

=**Sytropin HGH**=

Purpose "benefits": HGH supplementation has been linked to decreases in body fat, increases in lean muscle mass, better skin tone, increased energy levels, and more restful sleep. Human Growth Hormone's positive effects have been well documented in numerous medical and scientific journals. As an HGH releaser and stimulator, Sytropin works to increase the body's natural secretion of larger amounts of human growth hormone, without the pain and cost associated with prescription injections.

Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? As a dietary supplement, Sytropin is not directly regulated by the FDA, nor does it require a prescription to order. Sytropin is in voluntary compliance with all applicable FDA regulations, and is manufactured in a state of the art licensed pharmaceutical facility. Every ingredient in Sytropin has been thoroughly tested for safety and effectiveness.

Known side effects Sytropin has no known negative side effects, and can be taken by people of all health profiles. As an oral spray, Sytropin is free of the stomach discomfort associated with many HGH pill products. Sytropin should not be given to children, or those taking MAOI inhibitors. If you are unsure about a possible medication or condition, please feel free to contact us prior to ordering. As with any supplement, it is always wise to consult with your physician before beginning any new regimen.

Cost 1-month supply of Sytropin costs $59.95

Where you can purchase this aid. While some distributors do market Sytropin directly through health stores, we only sell Sytropin directly through our website or by mail order. If you are interested in becoming one of our wholesale distributors, please click here.

//Sytropin Human Growth Hormone//. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sytropin.com/

Adam Adrian